By [Your Name] – Tech Review Quarterly, April 2026 1. Introduction The race for higher‑energy‑density, safer, and more sustainable energy storage has pushed researchers beyond conventional lithium‑ion chemistries. One of the most promising avenues is the lithium‑sulfur (Li‑S) system, which offers a theoretical specific energy of ≈ 2 600 Wh kg⁻¹—almost five times that of today’s best lithium‑ion cells. Yet, practical Li‑S batteries have been hampered by polysulfide shuttling, rapid capacity fade, and limited cycle life.